Why are the three levels of digital sovereignty often in tension with each other?

More sovereignty for one level can cost another. A state claiming sovereignty through surveillance rights or data localisation cuts into individuals' privacy, and convenient Big Tech all-in-one services lead companies and citizens to give up their self-determination voluntarily.

• State vs. individual: a state asserts that its own law applies on its own territory, including in digital space. So it demands surveillance powers or data localisation. That reduces the individual's privacy and anonymity, i.e. the individual's digital sovereignty.
• Big Tech vs. companies and citizens: nobody forces anyone. Comfortable complete solutions make it easy, and companies and citizens hand over their digital self-determination to these firms piece by piece.

The point for trust: "more sovereignty" is never neutral. It always matters whose sovereignty grows and at whose expense.

Go deeper:

• Wikipedia: Data localization — the state measure that most directly trades individual privacy for state control.