NETW2 Logs
Error checking (via FCS (Frame Check Sequence)/CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check)) and buffering, which also enables speed mismatch handling between ports.
1. Error Checking:
The switch receives the entire frame (up to ~9,200 bytes for jumbo frames)
It calculates the Frame Check Sequ...
Q What is VLAN 1, and why does Cisco recommend moving its default functions to other VLANs?
VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) 1 is the default VLAN on Cisco switches — it serves as the default data VLAN, native VLAN, and management VLAN, and it cannot be deleted or renamed.
VLAN 1's three default roles:
Default VLAN — all switch ports are members of VLAN 1 out of the b...
Q How do you verify and reset a trunk configuration?
Use show interfaces switchport to verify trunk settings. Reset to defaults with no switchport trunk allowed vlan and no switchport trunk native vlan.
Verification with show interfaces fa0/1 switchport:
Key fields to check:
Administrative Mode: trunk — configured as trunk
Operati...
Q What are the IOS (Internetwork Operating System) commands to configure a trunk port?
Enter the interface, set trunk mode with switchport mode trunk, optionally set the native VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) and allowed VLANs list.
Command sequence:
S1(config)# interface fa0/1
S1(config-if)# switchport mode trunk
S1(config-if)# switchport trunk native vlan 99
S1...
Q What are the four types of wireless networks, and how do they differ in range and standards?
The four types are: WPAN (personal, Bluetooth, ~10m), WLAN (local, Wi-Fi 802.11, ~100m), WMAN (metro, WiMAX 802.16, ~50km), and WWAN (wide, cellular 4G/5G, nationwide).
Type
Standard
Range
Frequency
Example
WPAN
IEEE 802.15
6-9 meters (20-30 ft)
2.4 GHz
Bluetooth, Zigbee...
Q What is CAPWAP, what are the two tunnels it creates, and what is the Split-MAC architecture?
CAPWAP (Control And Provisioning of Wireless Access Points) enables a WLC (Wireless LAN Controller) to manage multiple APs (Access Points) via two UDP (User Datagram Protocol) tunnels: control (UDP 5246, encrypted with DTLS — Datagram Transport Layer Security) for management, and...
Q What are the first steps to secure a wireless home router, and why is it critical to change defaults...
Change the default admin password, update firmware, and change default SSID (Service Set Identifier)/password. Default credentials (often "admin/admin") are publicly documented and easily found on the internet — leaving them unchanged gives anyone instant access.
First-priority a...
Q What is the structured six-step approach to troubleshooting WLAN issues?
1) Identify the problem → 2) Establish a theory of probable causes → 3) Test the theory → 4) Establish a plan and implement the solution → 5) Verify functionality and implement preventive measures → 6) Document findings.
* Six-step WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) troubleshoot...
Q How does cut-through switching work, and what is the Fragment Free variant?
Cut-through starts forwarding a frame as soon as it reads the destination MAC (Media Access Control) address (the first 6-byte field after the preamble), without waiting for the rest of the frame. Fragment Free waits for the first 64 bytes to filter out collision fragments (runts...
Q What is the difference between a data VLAN, a native VLAN, and a management VLAN?
A data VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) carries user traffic, a native VLAN carries untagged trunk traffic, and a management VLAN is used for SSH/Telnet access to the switch.
VLAN Type
Purpose
Key Detail
Data VLAN
Carries user-generated traffic (email, web, file shares)
A...