NETW1 Logs

168 = 10101000. Take 128 (1, leaves 40), skip 64, take 32 (1, leaves 8), skip 16, take 8 (1, leaves 0), then 0s. Step-by-step (this is the worked example from the module): Step Question Bit Remainder 128 168 ≥ 128? Yes → subtract 128 1 168 − 128 = 40 64 40 ≥ 64? No 0 40...

Quiz: NETW1 / Number Systems | updated: Jul 30, 2026

Upper-layer protocols are software, mostly governed by the IETF; the physical layer is hardware, governed by a mix of bodies — ISO, EIA/TIA, ITU-T, ANSI, and IEEE. The split exists because the two halves of the stack are fundamentally different kinds of thing. The upper layers of...

Quiz: NETW1 / Physical Layer | updated: Jul 30, 2026

UTP has four twisted pairs of color-coded wires in a plastic jacket, no metal shielding, terminated with RJ-45; the twists (not shielding) fight interference. Unshielded Twisted-Pair (UTP) is the most common networking media — it is what runs from a wall jack or switch port to a...

Quiz: NETW1 / Physical Layer | updated: Jul 30, 2026

From outside in: jacket, strengthening material, buffer, cladding, and core. The core carries the light and the cladding reflects stray light back into it. * From outside in: jacket → strengthening material → buffer → cladding → core, where the cladding reflects stray light back...

Quiz: NETW1 / Physical Layer | updated: Jul 30, 2026

A wireless access point (AP), which bridges wireless clients onto the wired network, and wireless NIC adapters in the hosts themselves. A Wireless LAN (WLAN) needs two pieces of hardware working together — one on the network side and one in each host: Wireless Access Point (AP)...

Quiz: NETW1 / Physical Layer | updated: Jul 30, 2026

Message encoding, message formatting and encapsulation, message size, message timing, and message delivery options. For two devices to understand each other, their protocols must pre-agree on five things — think of them as the layers of agreement needed before a single useful mes...

Quiz: NETW1 / Protocols and Models | updated: Jul 30, 2026

A protocol suite is a group of inter-related protocols that work together to perform a communication function, organized into higher (application) and lower (data-moving) layers. A protocol suite is: A group of inter-related protocols necessary to perform a communication functio...

Quiz: NETW1 / Protocols and Models | updated: Jul 30, 2026

7 Application, 6 Presentation, 5 Session, 4 Transport, 3 Network, 2 Data Link, 1 Physical — top handles app data, bottom handles physical transmission. * The seven OSI layers, top to bottom, with each layer's job. * Layer Name Function 7 Application Protocols used for pro...

Quiz: NETW1 / Protocols and Models | updated: Jul 30, 2026

The network portion (prefix in IPv6) identifies which network the device is on and is shared by all devices on that LAN/WAN; the host portion (interface ID in IPv6) uniquely identifies the device within that network. * An IP address splits into a shared network portion and a uni...

Quiz: NETW1 / Protocols and Models | updated: Jul 30, 2026

OSI Layer 7 (Application) provides the protocols for process-to-process communication — the interface between user applications and the network (HTTP, FTP, SMTP, DNS, etc.). It is about the protocols, not the apps themselves. Layer 7 = Application Layer Provides protocols for pro...

Quiz: NETW1 / Protocols and Models | updated: Jul 30, 2026