Why does Value-based Engineering add a conceptual analysis to what stakeholders say?

Because stakeholders' feelings are usually not enough to capture a core value completely; experts extend it with qualities stakeholders did not name, including legally recognised ones such as protection against unauthorised recording.

Stakeholder dialogue is bottom-up and context-sensitive, but participants rarely have the expert overview of everything a value like privacy involves. The conceptual analysis is the expert view: for privacy, what would data-protection specialists and the law (e.g. the GDPR) expect? This adds qualities such as data portability or privacy by design, and completes each core-value cluster before requirements are derived.