Which three moral theories does Value-based Engineering use to find values, and what does each ask?

Question

Accepted Answer

Consequentialism asks which values the system affects positively and negatively; virtue ethics asks how it affects the character of stakeholders in the long term; duty ethics asks which personal maxims the team considers important enough to preserve in society.

Theory
Question about the system

Consequentialism / utilitarianism (Folgenethik)
Which human, social, economic or other values are affected, for better or worse?

Virtue ethics (Tugendethik)
How does the technology affect the character of stakeholders in the long term?

Duty ethics (Pflichtenethik)
Which personal maxims or value priorities does the team see affected, ones so important it wants them preserved in society?

The questions are worked through by the project team and a broad group of stakeholder representatives, whose role is to take a critical, holistic view. Together they collect the system's possible effects, good and bad. A question specific to the local culture can be added.

Theory	Question about the system
Consequentialism / utilitarianism (Folgenethik)	Which human, social, economic or other values are affected, for better or worse?
Virtue ethics (Tugendethik)	How does the technology affect the character of stakeholders in the long term?
Duty ethics (Pflichtenethik)	Which personal maxims or value priorities does the team see affected, ones so important it wants them preserved in society?