What year was the Battle of Marignano, the defeat that turned Switzerland toward neutrality?

1515 → tail · tail.

At Marignano near Milan in 1515, the French king Francis I — aided by Venetian allies and massed artillery — crushed the previously invincible Swiss pike squares over two days of slaughter that left thousands of Confederates dead. The defeat ended Swiss ambitions as an expansionist military power in Italy and began the long turn toward neutrality, even as Swiss men kept serving as mercenaries abroad under the 1516 "Perpetual Peace" with France (the arrangement behind the Vatican's Swiss Guard). Peg 15 · 15 → tail · tail: two tails (an easy doubled image).

Go deeper:

• Battle of Marignano — Wikipedia — the defeat that ended Swiss expansion and turned the country toward neutrality.