What year was Swiss independence formally recognized in the Peace of Westphalia?

1648 → DJ · roof.

The Peace of Westphalia in 1648 ended the Thirty Years' War, and — largely through the persistent diplomacy of Basel's mayor Johann Rudolf Wettstein — it formally released the Swiss Confederacy from the Holy Roman Empire, giving legal recognition to the independence it had held in practice since 1499. Swiss neutrality had also spared the country the worst of that war's devastation. Peg 16 · 48 → DJ · roof: a DJ on a roof.

Go deeper:

• Peace of Westphalia — Wikipedia — the 1648 settlement that formally freed the Confederacy from the Holy Roman Empire.