In the print-shop case, which actors and interactions does the system analysis identify?

Inside the boundary of print shop D: the employees with PCs, laptops and Macs, the data storage server, the mail server, the HTTPS upload/download gateway, the FTP server and the printing press. Outside, across the internet: authors and external designers (professional customers), and private customers. They exchange .pdf, .indd and .csv files by email, by HTTPS upload/download through the gateway, and by FTP upload/download.

* Three separate openings carry files from outside straight into one flat network shared with the presses. *

Drawing it this way shows three separate openings in the perimeter (mail, web gateway, FTP), each carrying files straight from unknown senders into a network that also connects the production machines. That is the picture the architecture in the next step has to change.

Go deeper:

• File Transfer Protocol — Wikipedia — why plain FTP (no encryption) is replaced rather than kept.